Connor, Michael E., and Joseph L. White. "Fatherhood in Contemporary Black America: Invisible but Present." Black fathers: An invisible presence in America. 3-16. Mahwah, NJ US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, 2006. PsycINFO. EBSCO. Web. 10 Sept. 2010.
Duindam, Vincent, and Ed Spruijt. "III. The Reproduction of Fathering." Feminism & Psychology 12.1 (2002): 28. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 23 July 2010.
Ehrensaft, D. "Feminists fight (for) fathers." Socialist Review 20.4 (1990): 57. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 23 July 2010.
Gershenson, Harold P. "Redefining Fatherhood in Families with White Adolescent Mothers." Journal of Marriage & Family 45, no. 3 (August 1983): 591. EBSCO MegaFILE, EBSCOhost (accessed September 10, 2010).
Kegan Gardiner, Judith. "Men, Masculinities, and Feminist Theory." Handbook of Studies on Men & Masculinities. Sage Publications, 2005. Print.
Summary: Kegan Gardiner (KG) discusses the threads of feminism interwoven within masculine identity, attempting to reveal any "gaps and assumptions in these theories" (36). She asserts that feminism's greatest disciplinary achievement is the revelation of how gendering is in fact environmental and not naturally innate. She gives weight to radical feminism, quoting MacKinnon's claims surrounding the "inhumane" masculine definitions of the world, abolishing masculinity and femininity gendering by noting movements, such as John Stoltenberg's Refusing to Be a Man (40). Yet, uses Chodorow's psychoanalytic theory of construction of gender identity to pull away from other radical feminist theories surrounding the position that gender inequality derives from dominating masculinity (42).
KG concludes that both feminists and masculinity scholars are both benefitting from each others' research, reporting on the "variances of gender in a wide variety of settings." (47)
"If it were not socially useful for there to be two sexes to marry one another and divide work and kinship, [Judith Butler] claims, people would not need to be divided into the categories of men and women at all." (45)
"When the information about genitalia is as irrelevant as the color of the child's eyes ... then and only then will women and men be socially interchangeable and really equal." (47)
-- "gender is defined by men's from women in these theories but assymetrically rather than in a relation of either simple opposition or negation" --
Mander, Gertrud. "Fatherhood today: variations on a theme." Psychodynamic Counselling 7.2 (2001): 141-158. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 23 July 2010.
Nentwich, Julia C. "New Fathers and Mothers as Gender Troublemakers? Exploring Discursive Constructions of Heterosexual Parenthood and their Subversive Potential." Feminism & Psychology 18.2 (2008): 207-230. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 23 July 2010.
Owen, Jesse, and Jon Glass. "Counseling Caucasian fathers: Affirming cultural strengths while addressing White male privilege." Counseling fathers. 141-161. New York, NY US: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group, 2009. PsycINFO. EBSCO. Web. 10 Sept. 2010.
Samuels, Andrew. "The Good-Enough Father of Whatever Sex." Feminism & Psychology 5.4 (1995): 511-530. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 23 July 2010.
Toth Jr., John F., and Xiaohe Xu. "Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Fathers' Involvement." Youth & Society 31.1 (1999): 76. EBSCO MegaFILE. EBSCO. Web. 10 Sept. 2010.
White, Renee Minus. "New poll reveals mothers' views on fathers." New York Amsterdam News 101.25 (2010): 10. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 10 Sept. 2010.
Bibliography
Connor, Michael E., and Joseph L. White. "Fatherhood in Contemporary Black America: Invisible but Present." Black fathers: An invisible presence in America. 3-16. Mahwah, NJ US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, 2006. PsycINFO. EBSCO. Web. 10 Sept. 2010.
Duindam, Vincent, and Ed Spruijt. "III. The Reproduction of Fathering." Feminism & Psychology 12.1 (2002): 28. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 23 July 2010.
Ehrensaft, D. "Feminists fight (for) fathers." Socialist Review 20.4 (1990): 57. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 23 July 2010.
Gershenson, Harold P. "Redefining Fatherhood in Families with White Adolescent Mothers." Journal of Marriage & Family 45, no. 3 (August 1983): 591. EBSCO MegaFILE, EBSCOhost (accessed September 10, 2010).
Kegan Gardiner, Judith. "Men, Masculinities, and Feminist Theory." Handbook of Studies on Men & Masculinities. Sage Publications, 2005. Print.
Summary: Kegan Gardiner (KG) discusses the threads of feminism interwoven within masculine identity, attempting to reveal any "gaps and assumptions in these theories" (36). She asserts that feminism's greatest disciplinary achievement is the revelation of how gendering is in fact environmental and not naturally innate. She gives weight to radical feminism, quoting MacKinnon's claims surrounding the "inhumane" masculine definitions of the world, abolishing masculinity and femininity gendering by noting movements, such as John Stoltenberg's Refusing to Be a Man (40). Yet, uses Chodorow's psychoanalytic theory of construction of gender identity to pull away from other radical feminist theories surrounding the position that gender inequality derives from dominating masculinity (42).
KG concludes that both feminists and masculinity scholars are both benefitting from each others' research, reporting on the "variances of gender in a wide variety of settings." (47)
"If it were not socially useful for there to be two sexes to marry one another and divide work and kinship, [Judith Butler] claims, people would not need to be divided into the categories of men and women at all." (45)
"When the information about genitalia is as irrelevant as the color of the child's eyes ... then and only then will women and men be socially interchangeable and really equal." (47)
-- "gender is defined by men's from women in these theories but assymetrically rather than in a relation of either simple opposition or negation" --
Mander, Gertrud. "Fatherhood today: variations on a theme." Psychodynamic Counselling 7.2 (2001): 141-158. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 23 July 2010.
Nentwich, Julia C. "New Fathers and Mothers as Gender Troublemakers? Exploring Discursive Constructions of Heterosexual Parenthood and their Subversive Potential." Feminism & Psychology 18.2 (2008): 207-230. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 23 July 2010.
Owen, Jesse, and Jon Glass. "Counseling Caucasian fathers: Affirming cultural strengths while addressing White male privilege." Counseling fathers. 141-161. New York, NY US: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group, 2009. PsycINFO. EBSCO. Web. 10 Sept. 2010.
Samuels, Andrew. "The Good-Enough Father of Whatever Sex." Feminism & Psychology 5.4 (1995): 511-530. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 23 July 2010.
Toth Jr., John F., and Xiaohe Xu. "Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Fathers' Involvement." Youth & Society 31.1 (1999): 76. EBSCO MegaFILE. EBSCO. Web. 10 Sept. 2010.
White, Renee Minus. "New poll reveals mothers' views on fathers." New York Amsterdam News 101.25 (2010): 10. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 10 Sept. 2010.